"Twelfth Five Year Plan" proposed that: "To the development of coal crusher machine equipment manufacturing industry, to promote the manufacturing sector to grow stronger, improve the national key projects relying on the development of major technologies and equipment policy." China is the world's largest coal producer, is also the largest coal production China to revitalize the coal industry is to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry an important task of our equipment. Mechanization, automation and information technology is safe and efficient mine the fundamental guarantee of production, while China's coal resources, occurrence, conditions vary, it is necessary to build a world-class large-scale mines, but also with advanced applicable technologies to transform small and medium coal mines.
Some of our coal washing production and technology has reached the international advanced or advanced level, but in some key technologies are still large gaps. Accordingly, the reporter interviewed a famous coal equipment specialists, Coal Research Institute Chief Scientist, World Science and Technology Institute of the Kingdom of mining equipment and technology law, he is to achieve efficient and safe coal mining equipment and how to revitalize the coal industry to do a detailed interpretation.
Lack of high-end production capacity of coal mining equipment
Reporter: Please introduce the "Eleventh Five-Year" period, the coal industry, market demand and equipment development.
Kingdom law: Coal is an important primary energy, coal mining equipment market capacity considerable, "five-second" period of China's annual demand for coal mining equipment will reach 1,000 billion yuan.
After many years, China has formed a relatively complete system of coal mining equipment manufacturing. Market demand for coal mining equipment is not only confined to specialized equipment manufacturing and processing, coal production enterprises need more support with comprehensive production capacity of products and services. At present, China has formed a number of development, production, complete, high-end services in one complete set of equipment, mining conglomerates.
In 2009, the market value of coal mining equipment in China reached 60 billion yuan, of which coal mining equipment in low-end surplus of production capacity, high-end equipment, coal production capacity is insufficient. After "15" and "Eleventh Five-Year" of the technical and technological innovation, domestic high-end mechanized mining equipment and technology to achieve rapid development, the backbone of mechanized mining equipment manufacturing company manufacturing and R & D capability has been greatly improved, high-end mechanized mining equipment localization rate has reached over 70% of domestic high-end sets of fully mechanized mining equipment has begun to Russia, India and other developing countries' exports.
Reporter: China Coal equipment industry to form a more complete coal equipment manufacturing system. All equipment in the coal system hold?
Kingdom law: In outfit, the "Eleventh Five-Year" period, mechanized mining of coal have been significantly improved, mechanized mining technology and complete sets of equipment manufacturing industry to achieve rapid development, general mechanized mining equipment have achieved full localization. China from the "15", "Eleventh Five-Year" began to explore the continuous miner to open rapid excavation and short wall coal mining columns, irregular block segment, residual mining area, corner coal and the "three under" pressure coal technology , and the short wall mining Longwall mining combine, has achieved remarkable economic benefits in recent years, China's coal industry, information technology, automation, the rapid development of advanced coal-producing country and the world the gap is narrowing.
However, with the dig, dig the anchor parallel to the work function of the joint unit anchor development in China is still in pilot phase; mechanized drilling technology has made significant progress, but only 5% of shaft construction with mechanical drilling technology, 95% of the shaft still using ordinary drill and blast method of construction; China coal face shearer and power scraper conveyor and the key technology in reliability with the international advanced level there is a wide gap.
China's "Eleventh Five-Year" period, a large mining height in the hydraulic support and caving hydraulic support has made important breakthroughs in core technologies, the overall technology reached the international advanced level, caving hydraulic support technology reached the international advanced level; high-end manufacturing hydraulic support significant technological advances, the basic machine for high-end hydraulic support localization. In addition, through the development and introduction of self-absorbed, mastered the international advanced method of coal preparation, coal self-developed technology and equipment, basically meet the different plant types, different properties and different uses of coal washing of production.
"Second five" high-end equipment to the rapid development of coal
Reporter: At present, China's coal equipment industry is the main problem?
Kingdom Law: China's coal production capacity of the equipment manufacturing industry has been ranked highest in the world, but the overall level has lagged behind the world advanced level.
2011年11月24日星期四
2011年11月17日星期四
History of iron acquisition
With the rise and development of iron smelting industry, mining iron ore discovery and origin, each generation more. Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 221 BC), according to "Shan Hai Jing Wu Zang Shan Jing" Iron Mountain has produced record 37. Han Dynasty (119 BC) in 49 iron-producing regions to set iron officer. Tang Dynasty, according to the "New Book of Tang Geography" records,uranium ore dressing equipment at the national production of iron mountain 104. Ming Dynasty, there are iron ore producing 130. To the early Qing Dynasty (AD 1644 - 1840) Origin of iron ore to the development of as many as 134. Most of the ancient mining residual surface weathering, accumulation of iron ore mining and river shore, and the exposed surface of the shallow ore body. Mining methods are:(1) open cultivated indigenous land tillage has iron ore along above the ground. "Heavenly Creations" reads: earth ingots (ie, limonite nodules) "shallow topsoil surface, can not have the deep hole," "If the rule of fry from refining, who picked up the float. And wet by the rain, the cattle farming from soil, pick up their patch of land within a few were. " This is the ancient records of a special mining method.(2) open digging method for extraction of surface outcrops of iron ore body. 1974 Northeast Pacific in Anshan ditch excavated these ancient mining pits, pit-shaped on the width 10m, under the narrow-2m, depth 10m, funnel-shaped. Clearly the ancient open-pit mining sites. Qing Dynasty Temple of child exploitation groove (Nanfen) iron ore, is that people use in surface outcrops at the first crevice pry bar, and then fire (hot method), through thermal expansion or contraction, so broken, take ore.(3) underground pit chisel chisel method that deepened along pit ore mining ore. In Henan, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, some of the ruins of ancient iron ore, are found in the shaft, inclined shaft and tunnel directly to the ancient cave mining ore. Indicating that it has been different according to ore occurrence, using different extraction methods, to explore the Han Gong County, Henan raw iron ore along the groove parallel to the roadway excavation, and tilt along the ore body were little inclined uphill and downhill direct mining. Shaft with square and round two, usually in the middle or the side of the ore body down mining ore. Further use of the gently inclined inclined orebody. Jiangsu Li Han iron smelting site near the National Cave Hill ancient shaft, shaft diameter 1.5m, a depth of approximately 10m.As mining technology improved, more and more deep mine. Pandaoling Heilongjiang Cheng five regions to explore iron ore gold mid-depth of 40m, the mine was stepped, with mining and mineral processing wells (hand selected) of the different work area, as well as light holes and mining tools.(4) Tiefu ancient mining tools, hammers, Tiezhui, picks and an anvil and so on. As found in Henan Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty some of the iron ore mining tools are Tiefu, hammer, Tiezhui, picks, etc., taken in the ancient rock walls of the hole also left behind Tiefu, Tiezhui of Chiseled. To modern times (1840 to 1949), mining of iron ore mines most of the ancient cave in (mining site), based on the established. It has access to many of the 40 mining records, which have different degrees of surface has been investigated and ore quality tests. Some of mine began to gradually adopt new mining, transportation methods and equipment, and lean ore sorting. Relatively large-scale mining. Such as Liaoning, Anshan Iron Gongchangling 1933 to 1945 average annual ore production of about 60 million t, the maximum annual production of 100 million t; iron ore mining equipment Daye iron ore in 1942, the highest annual output of 144 million t; Maanshan Iron Nanshan District 1941, the most productive ore 900,000 t. The three iron ore mining is the main producing areas of China's modern period is the ancient origin of the famous iron ore.
China after 40 years of infrastructure have been built of iron mines 204.
China after 40 years of infrastructure have been built of iron mines 204. Of which: focus mine 44, 160 local state-owned mines, iron ore mining capacity to form a total of 197.19 million t.Way to develop iron mine open pit mining and underground mining (flat Cave, slope, shaft) two categories. China in the period 1949 to 1957, more than 80% of the mine is underground mining, open-pit mining of less than 20%. Subsequently, the number of open pit have been put into operation, a sharp decline in the proportion of underground mining, to the early 1990s, the proportion of open-pit mining rose 80%, the proportion of underground mining dropped by 20%.Open-pit miningIn 1996 the country's iron ore mining equipment open-pit mining the amount of 185.38 million t, accounting for 73.5% of iron ore production. Focus on open pit mine 27, the amount of 91.06 million communist iron ore t, accounting for key mining ore production 106 370 000 t of 85.6%. Focus on open pit economic and technical indicators: the average iron ore mined 27.67%, 97.07% recovery rate, dilution rate of 4.39%, stripping ratio 2.74t / t, decreased rate of 7.50m / a.Open-pit hole, shovel loading, transportation and other technical equipment constantly updated. Currently, the focus of mining in the country has formed a cone drill hole and drill hole and use the structure, completely eliminated the impact of drilling. In 1996, the cone drill platform was integrated efficiency 23787m, up to 31611m (water iron); hole drilling platform in overall efficiency 14066m, up to 25279m (blue tip iron). Shovel loading equipment toward large-scale, modern direction. In 1996, the focus on the most used open-pit mine is 4 ~ 4.6m3 shovel, Taiwan, the average overall efficiency of 1.333 million t, the maximum capacity of 16m3 shovel, Taiwan, the average efficiency of 3.475 million t, up to 4,821,000 t (Qidashan Iron .) Mode of transport for the automotive and rail transport, some with tape transport. Since the 1980s, Benxi Steel and Anshan Iron and Steel (Group) Company of some of the mines gradually with 108 ~ 154t electric wheel cars instead of the other car, a transport vehicle to achieve large-scale, modern. In 1996, 108t car units an average of 359,000 annual efficiency t; 154t vehicle was 89.5 million t, up to 1.23 million t (Qidashan Iron); use the 42t car sets up an average annual efficiency of 27.6 million t, up to 443 000 t (Bayan Obo iron ore). After 1965, some key mines using rail transport motor vehicles in 1996, focusing on open-pit mine average annual motor vehicle platform efficiency: 80t motor vehicle for the 791 800 t, 100t motor vehicle for the 549 900 t, 150t motor vehicle for the 88.26 Wan t.Open-pit mining process, to promote long-term use of the whole territory, wide steps to help ease the job of the stripping process, help is now turning to steep mining, horizontal to promote new technology. Since the 1980s, many large open-pit mining from the hills open into the furrow, the deterioration of working conditions and transport problems, which restricted the increase in capacity. 1994, implemented the "Comprehensive Deep open-pit mining technology research" and "85" research project, has achieved initial results.iron ore beneficiation plant and technology has also grown, with a rock after another explosive, ANFO, ammonium nitrate explosives, emulsion explosives, etc., applied in the production of large area multi-row millisecond blasting hole technology.Underground mining1996 National Underground mining iron ore 66.9 million t, accounting for 26.5% of iron ore production. 17 of which focus on underground mining, ore 15.36 million communist ore t, emphasis mine production accounted for 14.4%. Focus on economic and technical indicators underground mines: the average grade of ore mined was 36.9%, 76.2% recovery rate, dilution rate of 19.8%, the annual rate of decline 6.98m.At present, mining, underground mining methods is Pillarless mining method, which accounts for 72%, followed by shallow hole Shrinkage method, accounting for 9%, room and pillar mining method and the wall, 8%, 7% empty field method There Sublevel caving mining method, 3%, 1% filling method. Underground mining mine roadway of wood from the 1950s to the present supporting the development of supporting wood, concrete and shotcrete shoring shoring shoring three kinds of methods coexist. Shipping is also gradually mechanized drilling direction, is now widely used in rock drilling trolley, machine loading shovel equipment, motor vehicle transport. As the mining methods, technical equipment, methods, supporting the continuous improvement of the overall labor productivity of underground mines has been greatly improved, the new China was founded early 1949, the focus of the overall labor productivity in underground mines only 19.9t / (person a), 1995 has reached 561t / (person a), increased nearly 30 times.
2011年11月16日星期三
Pyrite mine dregs of re-election
Mineral processing technology is concerned, re-election is the most simple and feasible method. Re-election handling materials relatively coarse, size range relatively wide, different particle materials with different requirements of equipment; Re-election operating factors is simple. Various sorting equipment, people in the proportion of the raw material of particle size and basic same, choose other conditions are basically the same. Re-election large quantity, the equipment is simple, easy operation, less investment, technological process is quite simple. For all types of pyrite mine dregs also have certain adaptability.
According to equipment for the mining of silica
, it can be seen that, pyrite mine dregs of the proportion of the major mineral for 3.783 ~ 3.973. And the proportion of quartz for 2.65, the proportion of calcite 2.7, ZhengChangShi for 2.5 ~ 2.6, borax 1.7, GuangLuShi 1.6, MangXiao for 1.5, etc. According to the following, and the formula of the different proportion mineral re-election the degree of difficulty of the separation can be roughly to drop than to judge:
Type: δ 1-the proportion of light minerals;
δ 2-the proportion of heavy mineral;
Train-separation medium proportion.
The pyrite mine in iron ore slag main content and although the gangue minerals quartz the density difference is not big, but still can use re-election to choose don't. Will burn by 100 mesh slag sieve screening, under the screen level grinding 3 min, trial wave bed and spiral chute do a single dressing experiment, the experimental results see table.
Table wave bed, spiral chute single dressing experiment
Mineral processing
Concentrate grade
Yield (%)
Tailings grade
The Fe concentrate recovery (%)
S content
Wave bed
63.16
19.85
47.76
24.67
0.272
Spiral chute
60.23
56.68
38.50
67.18
0.296
Can be seen from the table, try out the effect of wave bed is not good, although grade can be up to 63.16%, but its yield and concentrate recovery is low, only 19.85% and 24.67% respectively. Adopting spiral chute processing and slag, can be directly used to choose don't such pyrite mine dregs. After one don't choose, and have a concentrate grade for more than 60% of iron concentrate, recovery has 67.18%, and sulfur content has fallen to 0.3%.
A single wave bed process can not reach good separation index. But the wave bed and spiral chute, a large quantity, simple technology advantages, such as simple operation. Considering the future industrial application, the feasibility of investment to reduce the cost and improve the economic benefit, appropriate chooses large quantity of equipment, so as to achieve better choose don't index, re-election for magnetic separation technology and joint process method to deal with pyrite mine dregs.
According to equipment for the mining of silica
, it can be seen that, pyrite mine dregs of the proportion of the major mineral for 3.783 ~ 3.973. And the proportion of quartz for 2.65, the proportion of calcite 2.7, ZhengChangShi for 2.5 ~ 2.6, borax 1.7, GuangLuShi 1.6, MangXiao for 1.5, etc. According to the following, and the formula of the different proportion mineral re-election the degree of difficulty of the separation can be roughly to drop than to judge:
Type: δ 1-the proportion of light minerals;
δ 2-the proportion of heavy mineral;
Train-separation medium proportion.
The pyrite mine in iron ore slag main content and although the gangue minerals quartz the density difference is not big, but still can use re-election to choose don't. Will burn by 100 mesh slag sieve screening, under the screen level grinding 3 min, trial wave bed and spiral chute do a single dressing experiment, the experimental results see table.
Table wave bed, spiral chute single dressing experiment
Mineral processing
Concentrate grade
Yield (%)
Tailings grade
The Fe concentrate recovery (%)
S content
Wave bed
63.16
19.85
47.76
24.67
0.272
Spiral chute
60.23
56.68
38.50
67.18
0.296
Can be seen from the table, try out the effect of wave bed is not good, although grade can be up to 63.16%, but its yield and concentrate recovery is low, only 19.85% and 24.67% respectively. Adopting spiral chute processing and slag, can be directly used to choose don't such pyrite mine dregs. After one don't choose, and have a concentrate grade for more than 60% of iron concentrate, recovery has 67.18%, and sulfur content has fallen to 0.3%.
A single wave bed process can not reach good separation index. But the wave bed and spiral chute, a large quantity, simple technology advantages, such as simple operation. Considering the future industrial application, the feasibility of investment to reduce the cost and improve the economic benefit, appropriate chooses large quantity of equipment, so as to achieve better choose don't index, re-election for magnetic separation technology and joint process method to deal with pyrite mine dregs.
Re-election technology and equipment
In the past 30 years, vibrating screen size of coal plant increased. Cost and maximum recovery is no longer the only plant design consideration. Efficiency, effective and environment allowed process, and understand the maximum recovery does not necessarily lead to best economic benefit is today's consideration. Re-election from particles of thick degree limit, assume that mineral fully between disintegrate, tailings can in as thick it without, so as to reduce the grinding can needs. In addition, re-election don't need elixir. Because of the tailings discharge and the purification of the waste is simplified, not only reduces the cost of the Lord, and reduce environmental cost.
A, heavy beneficiation process
The ore re-election is composed of a series of continuous flow of homework. The nature of the work can be divided into operation, choose to work, product processing jobs don't three parts.
(1) for the assignments, including a: to make valuable mineral solution of the monomer from broken and grinding; B: more sexual or contain glue clay more ore mining and wash off mud; C: the screening or hydraulic classification methods in ore during the grading. Ore classification respectively after being selected, to choose operating conditions, and improve the efficiency of separation.
(2) choose don't work, is the main body of the ore sorting link. Choose don't flow to have Jane has numerous, simple by unit of work, such as heavy medium separation.
(3) products processing, refers to concentrate dehydration, tailing transmission and storage.
Second, the heavy election equipment
Modern mineral processing, the equipment must have the following characteristics: (1) large quantity, the modern mineral processing which requires to scale effect to create benefits. (2) the microgranular level effect is remarkable, especially for-01037 mm grain level to obvious effect, the original equipment basically can ensure + 01037 mm level of recovery. (3) enrichment is higher, choose don't index. (4) low power consumption. (5) structure is simple, easy to maintain. Re-election equipment have hydraulic classification of the YunXi type classification box, points mud fights, heavy medium separation of heavy medium separation machine, conical heavy medium vibration chute, heavy medium hydrocyclone is inclined round, heavy medium separation machine, jig, chute sorting machine, shake bed, eddy current sorting machine, photoelectric sorting machine, etc.
A, heavy beneficiation process
The ore re-election is composed of a series of continuous flow of homework. The nature of the work can be divided into operation, choose to work, product processing jobs don't three parts.
(1) for the assignments, including a: to make valuable mineral solution of the monomer from broken and grinding; B: more sexual or contain glue clay more ore mining and wash off mud; C: the screening or hydraulic classification methods in ore during the grading. Ore classification respectively after being selected, to choose operating conditions, and improve the efficiency of separation.
(2) choose don't work, is the main body of the ore sorting link. Choose don't flow to have Jane has numerous, simple by unit of work, such as heavy medium separation.
(3) products processing, refers to concentrate dehydration, tailing transmission and storage.
Second, the heavy election equipment
Modern mineral processing, the equipment must have the following characteristics: (1) large quantity, the modern mineral processing which requires to scale effect to create benefits. (2) the microgranular level effect is remarkable, especially for-01037 mm grain level to obvious effect, the original equipment basically can ensure + 01037 mm level of recovery. (3) enrichment is higher, choose don't index. (4) low power consumption. (5) structure is simple, easy to maintain. Re-election equipment have hydraulic classification of the YunXi type classification box, points mud fights, heavy medium separation of heavy medium separation machine, conical heavy medium vibration chute, heavy medium hydrocyclone is inclined round, heavy medium separation machine, jig, chute sorting machine, shake bed, eddy current sorting machine, photoelectric sorting machine, etc.
The pyrite re-election experimental study
Nanjing in yuntai mountain pyrite mine is located in nanjing jiangning area territory, yuntai mountain is located in the section of the mine ore mining overall low grade, mainly useful for pyrite mine mineral, 17% on average, direct sales difficulties. But the mineral QianBuLiDu thicker, can try to use re-election ways to improve their grade. Through the gravity of minerals is optional for research and the minerals every level of the grade, for sulfuric acid workshop and mixed ore, produce the high grade powder grinding formulate rational process flow.
Second, the heavy choose test-pyrite heavy liquid separation
(a) ore samples from selecting workshop, already crushing and screening into seven levels, the particle size range for-20 + 0 mm, undressed ore grade of 17.02%
(2) instrument, and the vessels, elixir
Instruments: balance, broken sample preparation equipment, blender
The vessels: wash basin, sample basin, a sieve, beaker, RongLiangPing, mesh spoon, etc
The potion: two iodine, potassium of mercury
(3) the test process briefly reviewed
1, take 6 kg ore samples, divided into-20 + 3, 3 + 0 two levels,-20 + 3 levels in 3 mm on sample sieve flush, collection screen or screen, respectively, drying, weighing, screen sample preparation, test or;
2, says take effective permittivity, two 1.5 kg of iodine mercury 1.86 kg, 537.6 ml water, stir to dissolve the mixture, the proportion;
3 Plant material grinding mill prices the heavy fluid, take respectively proportion made up with 2.85, 2.75, 2.70, 2.65 g/ml of heavy liquid 300 ml;
4, will be the first step on the screen to collect things, cooling in the drying after heavy fluid from large to small according to the order of the divided into five products, the products are washed, dried, weighing, broken, sample preparation, laboratory.
(4) test results
Second, the heavy choose test-pyrite heavy liquid separation
(a) ore samples from selecting workshop, already crushing and screening into seven levels, the particle size range for-20 + 0 mm, undressed ore grade of 17.02%
(2) instrument, and the vessels, elixir
Instruments: balance, broken sample preparation equipment, blender
The vessels: wash basin, sample basin, a sieve, beaker, RongLiangPing, mesh spoon, etc
The potion: two iodine, potassium of mercury
(3) the test process briefly reviewed
1, take 6 kg ore samples, divided into-20 + 3, 3 + 0 two levels,-20 + 3 levels in 3 mm on sample sieve flush, collection screen or screen, respectively, drying, weighing, screen sample preparation, test or;
2, says take effective permittivity, two 1.5 kg of iodine mercury 1.86 kg, 537.6 ml water, stir to dissolve the mixture, the proportion;
3 Plant material grinding mill prices the heavy fluid, take respectively proportion made up with 2.85, 2.75, 2.70, 2.65 g/ml of heavy liquid 300 ml;
4, will be the first step on the screen to collect things, cooling in the drying after heavy fluid from large to small according to the order of the divided into five products, the products are washed, dried, weighing, broken, sample preparation, laboratory.
(4) test results
Rare earth metal re-election process instance
The handling of exogenous ore containing monazite phosphorus ore seaside placers y bed. Metal minerals are mainly monazite, yttrium phosphorus ore, zirconium stones, rutile, white titanium ore, iron ore and a little tin titanium stone. The gangue minerals have electric stone, quartz, feldspar, black mica, white mica, fluorite, the stone, garnet and through pyroxene, etc. The crude ore is greater than 0.15 mm in grain grade ores is 78%, and rare earth minerals mainly distributed in less than 0.15 mm levels of grain, phosphorus removal a little coarse ore y outside, mostly in 0.125 ~ 0.074 mm. Zirconium stones and titanium iron ore mainly in 0.074 ~ 0.261 mm. Mineral elements useful in scattered, REO in monazite, phosphorus ore y accounts for only 74.04% of, ZrO 2 in only 57.69% of zirconium stones, TiO2 in titanium iron ore, rutile of just 50.13%. The other part is mainly small inclusions or class with like, ion adsorption of state distribution in quartz, feldspar, mica gangue minerals, etc.
slag cement production plant Ore open for the hydraulic mining, useful minerals are already monomer disintegrate, no broken and grinding. Mineral processing operations and selected by cyclones of homework. Roughing the homework spiral chute primarily re-election process. Select homework is to use wave bed choose don't, then click on the requirements of the recovery is divided into monazite, titanium iron ore, zirconium stones, phosphorus ore, rutile and yttrium middlings rich six choose don't system, the re-election, the flotation, electricity election, magnetic separation and mineral processing selected don't again and again, until select a final qualified concentrate so far, the process is more complex.
Sanyanghuaerti re-election
Re-election is according to different minerals in medium flow, have different settlement or movement speed of sorting method, including jig dressing (vertical flow), wave bed dressing (cant flow) and the centrifugal dressing (rotation flow) and heavy medium dressing, namely ore in heavy nanocolloidal suspension of satisfactions.
Heavy Telsmith Gyrasphere Cone Crusher price medium dressing is selected by the heavy a new technology. In 1966, guangxi big factory director in 1975, slope concentrator tin ore dressing plant in shannan realized the sanyanghuaerti heavy medium dressing. The heavy medium, long slope is our factory of mineral processing process production of arsenic pyrite, tin ore dressing plant in shannan for ferrosilicon, both the process and choose don't index listed separately in figure 1 and figure 2 and table 1 and table 2.
Terex Pegson 4242SR For Sale Stibnite density of 4.26 g/cm3, the density of the gangue for 2.6 ~ 2.65 g/cm3, such as the ratio of 2.19 ~ 2.26 fall, belong to the density of the sorting by easy ore. Yellow antimony China (5.2 g/cm3), red TiKuang (7.5 g/cm3), antimony China (5.57 g/cm3), such as the ratio of gangue and fall were 2.55 ~ 2.63, 3.93 ~ 4.06 and 2.76 ~ 2.86, the three sanyanghuaerti easily according to the sorting belongs to the density ore. Only water antimony calcium stone density of 3.14 g/cm3, such as the ratio of fall only 1.29, belong to a difficult separation of the ore.Re-election than flotation costs general low, also can be used as the primary process, in the flotation to remove a lot before gangue. Because of the difficulty of TiKuang oxidation flotation larger, at present still with heavy choose to give priority to.
Heavy Telsmith Gyrasphere Cone Crusher price medium dressing is selected by the heavy a new technology. In 1966, guangxi big factory director in 1975, slope concentrator tin ore dressing plant in shannan realized the sanyanghuaerti heavy medium dressing. The heavy medium, long slope is our factory of mineral processing process production of arsenic pyrite, tin ore dressing plant in shannan for ferrosilicon, both the process and choose don't index listed separately in figure 1 and figure 2 and table 1 and table 2.
2011年11月12日星期六
Basic structure of cone crusher crushing
Broken cone crusher design in the crushing effects and cycles Crusher basically the same. Also used movable cone and fixed cone to be crushed between the mine face. Dynamic cone supported on spherical bearings, and fixed in a hanging vertical axis, vertical axis placed eccentric sleeve, and the eccentric sleeve and placed on the thrust bearing.
Dynamic stone crusher together with the vertical axis driven by the eccentric bushings, eccentric bushings and pulley and through the horizontal axis through the bevel gear to drive. From motor pulley by the belt drive. Vertical axis into the lower part of the eccentric sleeve, when the eccentric sleeve rotates, the axis draw a conical surface. So moving cone near the fixed cone ore incurs when crushed. Case by the upper and lower parts, connected by bolts. There is a strong set of bolts on the spring, spring is when the role of metal or other hard objects falling into the crushing chamber, without damage to the crusher (such as spindle, etc.). If you have piece of metal or other hard objects (nuts, brazing first class) into the crushing chamber together with the ore, not moving cone is lifted, increasing the port of discharge may be discharged. Sometimes the use of hydraulic cone crusher (or pressure) device to adjust the size of the port of discharge.
Ore from the mine mouth to fall into the machine through the distribution plate, the distribution plate mounted on the vertical axis side, the vertical axis of rotation, to obtain the vibration, the ore evenly distributed in the cone around. With the hinge rod with handle and hinges, the cone does not move up or down to adjust the width of the mouth of discharge. The parts are made with steel, dynamic cone and fixed cone face laced with manganese steel liner to protect the cone from wear and tear, worn liner can be replaced, replacement, poured between the liner and cone melting Lead the close bond between them.
Crushing cone crusher, known as short head cone crusher, or "circular mill." It with the broken cone crusher is basically the same structure, the only difference lies in dynamic cone and fixed cone of different shapes. Short head cone crusher cone and fixed cone moving relatively short, but the parallel between the two cones with long, to the mine mouth and the port of discharge is relatively small, so the products can be smaller (5 to 10 mm) .
Addition to the standard model with short head cone crusher, there are between them called between the two medium-sized cone crusher, can also be used for the broken chronology. Standard, medium, short head cone crusher is the main difference is that the crushing chamber cross-section of different shapes. Therefore, to mine ore particle size and particle size are also different row.
Dynamic stone crusher together with the vertical axis driven by the eccentric bushings, eccentric bushings and pulley and through the horizontal axis through the bevel gear to drive. From motor pulley by the belt drive. Vertical axis into the lower part of the eccentric sleeve, when the eccentric sleeve rotates, the axis draw a conical surface. So moving cone near the fixed cone ore incurs when crushed. Case by the upper and lower parts, connected by bolts. There is a strong set of bolts on the spring, spring is when the role of metal or other hard objects falling into the crushing chamber, without damage to the crusher (such as spindle, etc.). If you have piece of metal or other hard objects (nuts, brazing first class) into the crushing chamber together with the ore, not moving cone is lifted, increasing the port of discharge may be discharged. Sometimes the use of hydraulic cone crusher (or pressure) device to adjust the size of the port of discharge.
Ore from the mine mouth to fall into the machine through the distribution plate, the distribution plate mounted on the vertical axis side, the vertical axis of rotation, to obtain the vibration, the ore evenly distributed in the cone around. With the hinge rod with handle and hinges, the cone does not move up or down to adjust the width of the mouth of discharge. The parts are made with steel, dynamic cone and fixed cone face laced with manganese steel liner to protect the cone from wear and tear, worn liner can be replaced, replacement, poured between the liner and cone melting Lead the close bond between them.
Crushing cone crusher, known as short head cone crusher, or "circular mill." It with the broken cone crusher is basically the same structure, the only difference lies in dynamic cone and fixed cone of different shapes. Short head cone crusher cone and fixed cone moving relatively short, but the parallel between the two cones with long, to the mine mouth and the port of discharge is relatively small, so the products can be smaller (5 to 10 mm) .
Addition to the standard model with short head cone crusher, there are between them called between the two medium-sized cone crusher, can also be used for the broken chronology. Standard, medium, short head cone crusher is the main difference is that the crushing chamber cross-section of different shapes. Therefore, to mine ore particle size and particle size are also different row.
Jaw Crusher main components
1 rack
Rack is opening up and down the walls of the rigid frame, eccentric shaft and used as support material to withstand crushing reaction, small jaw crusher requires sufficient strength and stiffness, usually with a cast steel piece casting, minicomputer can also be used instead of high-quality cast iron steel. Cast to be sub-rack mainframe, and then bolt firmly linked into the whole, casting complex. Made a small jaw crusher frame welded thick steel plate can also be used, but less stiffness.
(2) jaw plate and side guard
By the fixed jaw and movable jaw jaw jaw bed and board composition, board is working, regardless of the jaw, with bolts fixed to the jaw and wedge iron bed. Fixed jaw jaw is rack anterior bed, moving bed jaw jaw hanging in the week, and have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the crushing counter-force, which are mostly cast steel or cast iron.
3 Transmission Parts
Eccentric shaft is broken machine spindle, bent by a huge torque, high-carbon steel. Eccentric part of the required finishing, heat treatment, bearing with babbitt lining tile cast. Eccentric shaft pulley mounted at one end, the other end mounted flywheel.
4-conditioning
There are wedge-style adjustment device, plate and hydraulic, etc., generally wedge-type, two wedge formed by the front and rear, front wedge can move, stand up push plate; to adjust the wedge after wedge, can be up and down mobile, two wedges fit slope backward from the screw to move up or down to adjust the wedge after the discharge port size. Small jaw crusher discharge port after the adjustment is to use changes in the thrust bearing plate gasket between the frame and how much to achieve.
5. Flywheel
Jaw crusher jaw moving flywheel to store energy during air travel, and then used in industry to form, so that mechanical work is in line uniformly. Flywheel pulley also plays a role. Flywheel often cast iron or cast steel, minicomputers, often made of the overall style of the flywheel. Flywheel manufacturing, installation, pay attention to static equilibrium.
6 lubricating device
Eccentric shaft bearing lubrication cycle is usually concentrated. Spindle and the thrust plate support surface generally use the grease gun oil to the oil by hand. Moving jaw of the pendulum angle is very small, between the spindle and bearing lubrication difficulties, often in the opening number of the axial bearing oil groove bottom, the middle part of open connecting to the tank so, then pumps force the butter into the dry lubrication.
This series of products, with a crushing ratio, even granularity, simple structure, reliable operation, easy maintenance, operating costs and economic characteristics. Widely used in mining, smelting, building material, highway, railway, water conservancy and chemical industry and many other industries, crushing compression strength not more than 320 MPa of various materials.
PE, PEX series jaw crusher crusher swing is a complex device, used in metallurgy, mining, construction, transportation, cement and other departments, as rough broken, broken in 300Mpa the following compressive strength of various minerals or rocks purposes. Has a simple structure, high output, broken than large, long life gear plate, finished uniform size, low power consumption, easy maintenance, etc., is currently the most advanced models.
This series of crusher, squeeze-type dynamic way for the song, its working principle is: Motor drives belt and pulley, the eccentric shaft to move up and down jaw movement, rises when moving jaw toggle plate and moving jaw angle between the larger, and thus push moving jaw plate close to the fixed jaw plate, while the material is crushed or split pieces, broken to achieve the purpose; down when moving the jaw, the toggle plate and moving jaw angle between, moving jaw plate rod, spring under the effect of leaving the fixed jaw plate, this time under the broken material from the crushing chamber discharge port. With the motor for rotating the motor broken jaw periodically for crushing and waste material, to achieve mass production.
Rack is opening up and down the walls of the rigid frame, eccentric shaft and used as support material to withstand crushing reaction, small jaw crusher requires sufficient strength and stiffness, usually with a cast steel piece casting, minicomputer can also be used instead of high-quality cast iron steel. Cast to be sub-rack mainframe, and then bolt firmly linked into the whole, casting complex. Made a small jaw crusher frame welded thick steel plate can also be used, but less stiffness.
(2) jaw plate and side guard
By the fixed jaw and movable jaw jaw jaw bed and board composition, board is working, regardless of the jaw, with bolts fixed to the jaw and wedge iron bed. Fixed jaw jaw is rack anterior bed, moving bed jaw jaw hanging in the week, and have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the crushing counter-force, which are mostly cast steel or cast iron.
3 Transmission Parts
Eccentric shaft is broken machine spindle, bent by a huge torque, high-carbon steel. Eccentric part of the required finishing, heat treatment, bearing with babbitt lining tile cast. Eccentric shaft pulley mounted at one end, the other end mounted flywheel.
4-conditioning
There are wedge-style adjustment device, plate and hydraulic, etc., generally wedge-type, two wedge formed by the front and rear, front wedge can move, stand up push plate; to adjust the wedge after wedge, can be up and down mobile, two wedges fit slope backward from the screw to move up or down to adjust the wedge after the discharge port size. Small jaw crusher discharge port after the adjustment is to use changes in the thrust bearing plate gasket between the frame and how much to achieve.
5. Flywheel
Jaw crusher jaw moving flywheel to store energy during air travel, and then used in industry to form, so that mechanical work is in line uniformly. Flywheel pulley also plays a role. Flywheel often cast iron or cast steel, minicomputers, often made of the overall style of the flywheel. Flywheel manufacturing, installation, pay attention to static equilibrium.
6 lubricating device
Eccentric shaft bearing lubrication cycle is usually concentrated. Spindle and the thrust plate support surface generally use the grease gun oil to the oil by hand. Moving jaw of the pendulum angle is very small, between the spindle and bearing lubrication difficulties, often in the opening number of the axial bearing oil groove bottom, the middle part of open connecting to the tank so, then pumps force the butter into the dry lubrication.
This series of products, with a crushing ratio, even granularity, simple structure, reliable operation, easy maintenance, operating costs and economic characteristics. Widely used in mining, smelting, building material, highway, railway, water conservancy and chemical industry and many other industries, crushing compression strength not more than 320 MPa of various materials.
PE, PEX series jaw crusher crusher swing is a complex device, used in metallurgy, mining, construction, transportation, cement and other departments, as rough broken, broken in 300Mpa the following compressive strength of various minerals or rocks purposes. Has a simple structure, high output, broken than large, long life gear plate, finished uniform size, low power consumption, easy maintenance, etc., is currently the most advanced models.
This series of crusher, squeeze-type dynamic way for the song, its working principle is: Motor drives belt and pulley, the eccentric shaft to move up and down jaw movement, rises when moving jaw toggle plate and moving jaw angle between the larger, and thus push moving jaw plate close to the fixed jaw plate, while the material is crushed or split pieces, broken to achieve the purpose; down when moving the jaw, the toggle plate and moving jaw angle between, moving jaw plate rod, spring under the effect of leaving the fixed jaw plate, this time under the broken material from the crushing chamber discharge port. With the motor for rotating the motor broken jaw periodically for crushing and waste material, to achieve mass production.
Jaw-breaking work boot how to do?
First, check the equipment before starting
1, check the rack, pulley, flywheel bolts loose ministries;
2, check the fixed jaw tooth plate. Jaw tooth plate, the side shield is intact, the bolt is tightened, the thrust plate for cracks, lever spring and spring is intact;
3, check the security fence, security, and to the ore chute and other cover is intact;
4, check the motor for loose bolts, electrical wiring, operation of the meter box is intact, the voltage is within the scope of the regulations;
5, check whether the large ore crushing cavity and debris, V-belt is intact, whether the appropriate degree of tension.
Second, the power
1, the device must be confirmed no work and around to the boot device;
2, start the host after the first observation of equipment operation is stable, voltage, current normal no abnormal sound, without loosening the pulley and flywheel to give mine;
3, the ore must be uniform, not suddenly suddenly small, resulting in smaller equipment load suddenly suddenly, causing belt slip pressure mine;
4, every half hour observation the voltage and current, with or without abnormal smell and ignition phenomena, check the bearing temperature does not exceed 60 ℃;
5, check for loose bolts ministries phenomenon, rack, with or without motor foot bolts loosening, rotation site with or without noise.
1, check the rack, pulley, flywheel bolts loose ministries;
2, check the fixed jaw tooth plate. Jaw tooth plate, the side shield is intact, the bolt is tightened, the thrust plate for cracks, lever spring and spring is intact;
3, check the security fence, security, and to the ore chute and other cover is intact;
4, check the motor for loose bolts, electrical wiring, operation of the meter box is intact, the voltage is within the scope of the regulations;
5, check whether the large ore crushing cavity and debris, V-belt is intact, whether the appropriate degree of tension.
Second, the power
1, the device must be confirmed no work and around to the boot device;
2, start the host after the first observation of equipment operation is stable, voltage, current normal no abnormal sound, without loosening the pulley and flywheel to give mine;
3, the ore must be uniform, not suddenly suddenly small, resulting in smaller equipment load suddenly suddenly, causing belt slip pressure mine;
4, every half hour observation the voltage and current, with or without abnormal smell and ignition phenomena, check the bearing temperature does not exceed 60 ℃;
5, check for loose bolts ministries phenomenon, rack, with or without motor foot bolts loosening, rotation site with or without noise.
Solve the jaw crusher method of card stock
Jaw crusher is crushing the ore mining industry as an important raw material of crusher equipment, with broken than large, high yield, uniform particle size and other characteristics, mainly applied to the hardness or softness of the material crushing, in mining, metallurgy, building materials, roads, railways and other industries are widely used. As the jaw crusher are more advantages, so deeply loved and trusted by the majority of investors were also in the jaw crusher will also appear in the process of using all kinds of problems, such as card stock is a big problem.
As the jaw crusher works and equipment design, jaw crusher in the production process of the Central Standing Committee have the phenomenon of card stock, which is due to what causes it? There is no corresponding solution?
We usually encounter the problem of most of the card stock is mainly due to jaw crusher in the process, if there is a high water content of the ore material into the crushing chamber, the crusher will contain the material broken into small water block, this time because the material contains water, it has a certain viscosity, when the material into small pieces will stick together with each other and blocking the two broken jaw cavity between the plates, resulting in the phenomenon of card stock ; may also be mixed with broken material in the thin viscous mud, so that the material was stuck in the broken stick into a cavity, the occurrence of the phenomenon of card stock.
Card stock in order to avoid the phenomenon of our generation, you can enter jaw crusher the material before the material for the preparation of screening and dehydration, to reduce the viscosity of water and materials can also be appropriately adjusted discharge port, increasing the spout size, so that the material was successfully discharged, another jaw crusher prior to use, should be clear that the parameters used crusher, especially on the nature of the material requirements, according to the crusher for material requirements, investment suitable materials, if the production process does not meet the requirements of crusher, such as the temperature is too high or too much water, you can first make the appropriate processing, the material as much as possible at or near the crusher requirements, into the crushing chamber after the within the broken jaw crusher operation is the best technical staff through professional training for technical personnel familiar with jaw crusher knowledge, can effectively reduce the occurrence of card stock.
As the jaw crusher works and equipment design, jaw crusher in the production process of the Central Standing Committee have the phenomenon of card stock, which is due to what causes it? There is no corresponding solution?
We usually encounter the problem of most of the card stock is mainly due to jaw crusher in the process, if there is a high water content of the ore material into the crushing chamber, the crusher will contain the material broken into small water block, this time because the material contains water, it has a certain viscosity, when the material into small pieces will stick together with each other and blocking the two broken jaw cavity between the plates, resulting in the phenomenon of card stock ; may also be mixed with broken material in the thin viscous mud, so that the material was stuck in the broken stick into a cavity, the occurrence of the phenomenon of card stock.
Card stock in order to avoid the phenomenon of our generation, you can enter jaw crusher the material before the material for the preparation of screening and dehydration, to reduce the viscosity of water and materials can also be appropriately adjusted discharge port, increasing the spout size, so that the material was successfully discharged, another jaw crusher prior to use, should be clear that the parameters used crusher, especially on the nature of the material requirements, according to the crusher for material requirements, investment suitable materials, if the production process does not meet the requirements of crusher, such as the temperature is too high or too much water, you can first make the appropriate processing, the material as much as possible at or near the crusher requirements, into the crushing chamber after the within the broken jaw crusher operation is the best technical staff through professional training for technical personnel familiar with jaw crusher knowledge, can effectively reduce the occurrence of card stock.
2011年11月10日星期四
Ball Mill Application
Ball mill, a type of Grinding Mill, is a cylindrical device used to grind (or mix) materials like ores, chemicals, ceramic raw materials and paints. The ball mill is a key equipment to grind the crushed materials after the material were broken , and carrying on the smashing again. It is divided into two rubbing way-the dry and the wet . Ball mill is mainly composed of charging and discharging, cyclone and rotation parts (like redactor, minor rotation gear, motor, electric machine, etc). Hollow axis is made of steel parts with a lining replacable. Major rotation gear, machined by rolling wheel of casting, is lined with wearing plate with fine wear-resisting property. This machine runs stably and reliably. Ball mills rotate around a horizontal axis, partially filled with the material to be ground plus the grinding medium. Different materials are used for media, including ceramic balls, flint pebbles and stainless steel balls. Ball Mill Application Ball mill is widely used in powder-making production line including cement industry, chemical industry, new building materials, fire-resistant materials, fertilizer, porcelain and glass industry for grinding iron ore, gold ore, concrete, slag, zinc, copper ore, tantalite, etc.The ball mill carries on the dry type or the wet powder to each kind of ore and other grindability material rubs
Jaw Crusher Series mobile crusher plant
Jaw Crusher Series mobile crusher plant is our company’s newly developed ore-crushing equipment that greatly expends the concept of crushing field. The design of SBM’s mobile crushing plant gives priority to smoothing out the obstacles of uneven ground, improving producer’s efficiency and reducing the cost .
jaw mobile crusher:
jaw mobile crusher:
1. YGE Series high-performance crusher.
2. Vibrating feeder and vibrating screen incorporated with crusher.
3. On-vehicle installation integrated with through belt conveyer, vibrating screen and crusher.
4. Turning axis of traction makes the road transit and site penetration easier .
5. Supports of the vehicle make the equipment installation quicker and more convenient.
6. Integration of motor and control box.
Pros and cons of spodumene flotation
The flotation of spodumene, there are two different processes, one is flotation, the second is the anti-flotation.
Flotation process is that of spodumene flotation process: its essence is: the finely ground ore in sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form the alkaline medium, high concentration, strong mixing and repeatedly washing the mud off, add fatty acid or soap as collector agent direct flotation of spodumene.
and Design Institute Soviet Union had conducted a mineral deposit Zaoui piano studies, mine for the pegmatite deposits, with a sample collected from coarse-grained, local weathering, spodumene grain to more than 10 to 15 mm. The proposal process for the hospital to develop positive flotation process, shown in Figure 1, click here to get the process handle mine grade of greater than 5% Li2O spodumene concentrate, recovery of 70 to 75%.
Figure 1 deal with the Soviet Union Zaoui piano mine proposal process
As early as 1960, in the Xinjiang spodumene pegmatite quarry for mineral studies, mineral processing workers in China and worked out on the first invention is not off the mud, do not wash ore flotation soda is to simplify the process. Shown in Figure 2. The process for the production in 1961, industrial production indicators: to ore containing 1.3 ~ 2% Li2O, spodumene concentrate grade of 4 ~ 5% Li2O, 85 to 90% recovery rate.
Anti-flotation process is regulated in alkaline medium lime to dextrin, starch, a class of modifiers inhibit the spodumene, the cationic collector for silicate gangue minerals foam floats, tank product is spodumene concentrate, Figure 3 shows Denver's recommended anti-flotation process.
Figure 2 Working Principle Of Raymond Mill is floating spodumene washing soda simplify the processFigure 3 Denver's recommended anti-flotation process
50 and 60 years, the United States to use more anti-flotation process, the United States and China spodumene flotation plant are used is flotation process.
(1) separation of spodumene and beryl
In the granitic pegmatite deposits of spodumene are often associated with beryl, their separation was once regarded as one of the problems of lithium beryllium ore, domestic and foreign have been extensively studied in the early 1960s the development of our mineral workers the following three kinds of lithium beryllium separation process:
① flotation part of the lithium, beryllium and lithium re-election separation of mixed
With NaF, Na2CO3 adjusted dose, with the fatty acid soap of spodumene flotation section, and then add NaOH and Ca2 +, mixed with a fatty acid soap of spodumene flotation - beryl, spodumene finally - Beryl foam products with Na2CO3 , NaOHT and acid, alkaline water glass after heat treatment, flotation separation of beryl, in principle, the process shown in Figure 4. The process in 1965 after the success of semi-industrial tests have been transferred directly to production.Part of Figure 4 flotation of spodumene, spodumene - Beryl and then mixed with the principle of separation processes selected
② Priority beryl, spodumene and then the first
Ball Mill operation Easy floating minerals before the election, then Na2CO3, Na2S and NaOH alkaline medium high spodumene in the suppression manipulation conditions, the flotation of beryl with a fatty acid soap. Beryl flotation tailings by NaOH activation, add the fatty acid soap flotation of spodumene. Principles of the process shown in Figure 5. This process later used as the concentrator design Keketuohai One series production process.
③ Priority spodumene, beryl, and then choose
In Na2CO3 alkali lignin (alkali soluble lignin sulfonate) for a long time the role of low-alkali medium, the beryl, and gangue minerals is inhibited, oxidized paraffin with soap, naphthenic acid soap and diesel flotation of spodumene. Then add NaOH, Na2S and FeCl3 inhibited activation of beryl and gangue minerals, with soap and diesel oxidation of paraffin flotation of beryl. Principles of the process shown in Figure 6. This process later used as the concentrator design Keketuohai 2 series production process.
The early 1960s with the development of these three processes Keketuohai lithium pegmatite beryllium ore was semi-industrial tests, the tests have been successful, the results are shown in the table below.
Flotation process is that of spodumene flotation process: its essence is: the finely ground ore in sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form the alkaline medium, high concentration, strong mixing and repeatedly washing the mud off, add fatty acid or soap as collector agent direct flotation of spodumene.
and Design Institute Soviet Union had conducted a mineral deposit Zaoui piano studies, mine for the pegmatite deposits, with a sample collected from coarse-grained, local weathering, spodumene grain to more than 10 to 15 mm. The proposal process for the hospital to develop positive flotation process, shown in Figure 1, click here to get the process handle mine grade of greater than 5% Li2O spodumene concentrate, recovery of 70 to 75%.
Figure 1 deal with the Soviet Union Zaoui piano mine proposal process
As early as 1960, in the Xinjiang spodumene pegmatite quarry for mineral studies, mineral processing workers in China and worked out on the first invention is not off the mud, do not wash ore flotation soda is to simplify the process. Shown in Figure 2. The process for the production in 1961, industrial production indicators: to ore containing 1.3 ~ 2% Li2O, spodumene concentrate grade of 4 ~ 5% Li2O, 85 to 90% recovery rate.
Anti-flotation process is regulated in alkaline medium lime to dextrin, starch, a class of modifiers inhibit the spodumene, the cationic collector for silicate gangue minerals foam floats, tank product is spodumene concentrate, Figure 3 shows Denver's recommended anti-flotation process.
Figure 2 Working Principle Of Raymond Mill is floating spodumene washing soda simplify the processFigure 3 Denver's recommended anti-flotation process
50 and 60 years, the United States to use more anti-flotation process, the United States and China spodumene flotation plant are used is flotation process.
(1) separation of spodumene and beryl
In the granitic pegmatite deposits of spodumene are often associated with beryl, their separation was once regarded as one of the problems of lithium beryllium ore, domestic and foreign have been extensively studied in the early 1960s the development of our mineral workers the following three kinds of lithium beryllium separation process:
① flotation part of the lithium, beryllium and lithium re-election separation of mixed
With NaF, Na2CO3 adjusted dose, with the fatty acid soap of spodumene flotation section, and then add NaOH and Ca2 +, mixed with a fatty acid soap of spodumene flotation - beryl, spodumene finally - Beryl foam products with Na2CO3 , NaOHT and acid, alkaline water glass after heat treatment, flotation separation of beryl, in principle, the process shown in Figure 4. The process in 1965 after the success of semi-industrial tests have been transferred directly to production.Part of Figure 4 flotation of spodumene, spodumene - Beryl and then mixed with the principle of separation processes selected
② Priority beryl, spodumene and then the first
Ball Mill operation Easy floating minerals before the election, then Na2CO3, Na2S and NaOH alkaline medium high spodumene in the suppression manipulation conditions, the flotation of beryl with a fatty acid soap. Beryl flotation tailings by NaOH activation, add the fatty acid soap flotation of spodumene. Principles of the process shown in Figure 5. This process later used as the concentrator design Keketuohai One series production process.
③ Priority spodumene, beryl, and then choose
In Na2CO3 alkali lignin (alkali soluble lignin sulfonate) for a long time the role of low-alkali medium, the beryl, and gangue minerals is inhibited, oxidized paraffin with soap, naphthenic acid soap and diesel flotation of spodumene. Then add NaOH, Na2S and FeCl3 inhibited activation of beryl and gangue minerals, with soap and diesel oxidation of paraffin flotation of beryl. Principles of the process shown in Figure 6. This process later used as the concentrator design Keketuohai 2 series production process.
The early 1960s with the development of these three processes Keketuohai lithium pegmatite beryllium ore was semi-industrial tests, the tests have been successful, the results are shown in the table below.
Conventional flotation
1 Sample preparation
Taking into account the representation of the specimen and laboratory efficiency of small ball mill, flotation test particle size generally less than 1 to 3 mm. The original sample can be used jaw crusher crushing score based on the required segment or segments broken into about 6 mm below, and then closed with a vibrating screen machine on roller mill for crushing the ore particle size. The crushing process should avoid the loss of dust flying, especially in high grade when the dust.
If the ores contain sulfide minerals, in particular, contains large amounts of pyrrhotite, the oxidation of the flotation test results may have significant impact, and therefore the sample should be as broken phases, so that a large number of samples in the coarse under the storage size. In the sample preparation process, but also to prevent contamination of the sample, mixed with a small amount of oil will prevent the normal flotation. Sealed sample shall be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated place and not susceptible to pollution, but even so, not easily oxidized ore appropriate for long-term placement.
2 grinding
Laboratory flotation tests each sample volume is generally 500, 1000 or 2000 grams, corresponding to the inner wall of the grinding machine Ф200 mm and down size than those appropriate to prepare a small mill for regrinding intermediate products with. Cylindrical shape with a good body, It can also be loaded ball rod length and diameter of the same or slightly longer. China is also heavily used 240 × 90 and 150 × 50 mm in two specifications of cone ball mill, it has the advantage does not lie in its body shape, but because the entire structure designed to be relatively easy to operate and save energy. Weight of ball mill with total volume of 40% or so. According to the mineral particle size and particle size and tube size selection of 2 to 3 different sizes of ball, the smallest for the 12.5 to 15 mm, greatest for the 25 to 32 mm. Coarse grinding ball when the same number of medium and small can, when finely ground can equal the weight of medium and small ball, usually can be in between. Concentration by grinding a lot of literature often 50 to 67% solids, the equivalent of liquid to solid weight ratio equal to 1:1 to 1:2, while the author was inclined to use existing plant with a similar concentration, for example, in the general hard ore is 75% (solid (liquid to solid ratio of 1:3) or so, in this case more uniform particle size, less than coarse particles; the other hand, if the ore contains more clay and fine particle size or density-hour , to adopt a lower concentration in the sample density is large or very small, but also change the concentration by volume (solid volume accounted for the total volume of slurry) for 40 to 50% of the grinding water. In short, the slurry viscosity should be moderate .
Open laboratory using batch ball mill, and closed-circuit grinding compared to the industry, product size features inconsistent. In general, higher levels of fine particles. Some people prefer to use the rod mill which, and the experimental data shows that open laboratory rod mill product size distribution is closer than the laboratory is now open milling milling plant closed. But this does not take into account, with the classifier in closed circuit grinding, heavy mineral grains are usually worn thin than some other mineral particles. Laboratory rod mill rod size is generally 12.5 to 25 mm.
Taking into account the representation of the specimen and laboratory efficiency of small ball mill, flotation test particle size generally less than 1 to 3 mm. The original sample can be used jaw crusher crushing score based on the required segment or segments broken into about 6 mm below, and then closed with a vibrating screen machine on roller mill for crushing the ore particle size. The crushing process should avoid the loss of dust flying, especially in high grade when the dust.
If the ores contain sulfide minerals, in particular, contains large amounts of pyrrhotite, the oxidation of the flotation test results may have significant impact, and therefore the sample should be as broken phases, so that a large number of samples in the coarse under the storage size. In the sample preparation process, but also to prevent contamination of the sample, mixed with a small amount of oil will prevent the normal flotation. Sealed sample shall be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated place and not susceptible to pollution, but even so, not easily oxidized ore appropriate for long-term placement.
2 grinding
Laboratory flotation tests each sample volume is generally 500, 1000 or 2000 grams, corresponding to the inner wall of the grinding machine Ф200 mm and down size than those appropriate to prepare a small mill for regrinding intermediate products with. Cylindrical shape with a good body, It can also be loaded ball rod length and diameter of the same or slightly longer. China is also heavily used 240 × 90 and 150 × 50 mm in two specifications of cone ball mill, it has the advantage does not lie in its body shape, but because the entire structure designed to be relatively easy to operate and save energy. Weight of ball mill with total volume of 40% or so. According to the mineral particle size and particle size and tube size selection of 2 to 3 different sizes of ball, the smallest for the 12.5 to 15 mm, greatest for the 25 to 32 mm. Coarse grinding ball when the same number of medium and small can, when finely ground can equal the weight of medium and small ball, usually can be in between. Concentration by grinding a lot of literature often 50 to 67% solids, the equivalent of liquid to solid weight ratio equal to 1:1 to 1:2, while the author was inclined to use existing plant with a similar concentration, for example, in the general hard ore is 75% (solid (liquid to solid ratio of 1:3) or so, in this case more uniform particle size, less than coarse particles; the other hand, if the ore contains more clay and fine particle size or density-hour , to adopt a lower concentration in the sample density is large or very small, but also change the concentration by volume (solid volume accounted for the total volume of slurry) for 40 to 50% of the grinding water. In short, the slurry viscosity should be moderate .
Open laboratory using batch ball mill, and closed-circuit grinding compared to the industry, product size features inconsistent. In general, higher levels of fine particles. Some people prefer to use the rod mill which, and the experimental data shows that open laboratory rod mill product size distribution is closer than the laboratory is now open milling milling plant closed. But this does not take into account, with the classifier in closed circuit grinding, heavy mineral grains are usually worn thin than some other mineral particles. Laboratory rod mill rod size is generally 12.5 to 25 mm.
2011年11月4日星期五
Large ball cap casting technology
Ball on the current international trend is to large-scale development, the cylinder end caps at both ends of size is also growing. Cover material is generally low-alloy steel casting, the casting solidification characteristics determine the formation of micro-porous and easy, not easy to repair in the finish after welding and tempering treatment caused a huge waste. Traditional casting production is based on experience to determine the casting process, casting the first trial to test the existence of casting defects in the sample, if you modify the process plan, and then repeat the process until the qualified castings.
Since this method must be cast before the casting process to evaluate whether it is reasonable, and therefore the method has a long design cycle, high production costs, low efficiency shortcomings. And often received not the final casting process, castings for large or complex shape of the disadvantages become more pronounced. Ball cap due to its structural features, casting wall thickness of greater problems in the shaft, etc. is not easy to control, as a constraint to the production of most important issues.
Since this method must be cast before the casting process to evaluate whether it is reasonable, and therefore the method has a long design cycle, high production costs, low efficiency shortcomings. And often received not the final casting process, castings for large or complex shape of the disadvantages become more pronounced. Ball cap due to its structural features, casting wall thickness of greater problems in the shaft, etc. is not easy to control, as a constraint to the production of most important issues.
Principles of ceramic ball mill grinding
Ceramic ball mill at work, the speed of the grinding mineral raw rate has a direct impact on the relationship between the general rate when the ball to maintain a certain time, ground Masterpieces of useful power with ceramic ball mill transfer rate varies, and thus the corresponding affect the mill's production efficiency, different types of ore grinding machine for the transfer rate of adaptation is different, but overall, the current transfer rate specified by the manufacturer of sixteen to roughly six per cent percentile of 85, mostly in the eighty percent below the mill speed is slightly lower, it is difficult to achieve high productivity, so the production company in the long process of lessons learned that an appropriate increase in mill speed its yield some improvement, but the increase is small, but the amount consumed and the liner is very serious, ceramic ball mill vibration also increased. Ceramic ball mill operation, the machine in the form of a rolling ball in motion, so the speed rod mill ceramic ball speed should be higher than lower.
Hydraulic Cone Crusher
Hydraulic Cone Crusher Overview
HPC series hydraulic cone crusher designed by our company is a new type of cone crusher with international advanced level which brings in Germanic technology. The cone crusher not only improves the production capacity and crushing efficiency, but also widens applying fields, hardness range of materials from limestone to basalt. This cone crusher is suitable for replacing spring cone crusher and ordinary hydraulic cone crusher in the mining and construction industry, and is the most ideal equipment for large-scale stone crushing factory and mining industry.
Hydraulic Cone Crusher Application
HPC series hydraulic cone crusher with high-efficiency and hydraulic pressure is widely used in mining, cement factory, sand& stone industry.
This series of cone crusher is used for secondary and fine crush of all kinds of rocks, whose pressure strength resistance is under 350Mpa, such as iron ores, nonferrous metal ores, basalt, granite, limestone, sandstone, cobble etc.
Hydraulic Cone Crusher Main Features and Benefits
HPC Series Hydraulic Cone Crusher has a better performance compared with spring cone crusher and ordinary Hydraulic pressure Cone Crusher, Its features and benefits are as follows.
1. The successful combination of high performance crushing cavity and high crushing frequency enhance the capacity of HPC Hydraulic Cone Crusher, plus the application of sink crushing principal, most of the product shaped cubical size, which sharply reduce needle-shape materials.
2. HPC Hydraulic Cone Crusher features simple structure, easy maintenance, convenient adjustment of the size of final products, especially the quick replacement of plate reduce the time to s the machine.
1. The successful combination of high performance crushing cavity and high crushing frequency enhance the capacity of HPC Hydraulic Cone Crusher, plus the application of sink crushing principal, most of the product shaped cubical size, which sharply reduce needle-shape materials.
2. HPC Hydraulic Cone Crusher features simple structure, easy maintenance, convenient adjustment of the size of final products, especially the quick replacement of plate reduce the time to s the machine.
Hydraulic Cone Crusher Working principle
working principle of hydraulic cone crusherThe crushing principle of Hydraulic Cone Crusher is finished between fixed cone plate and movable cone plate. The cone crusher's motor drives the horizontal axis of the cone crusher through triangle belt and pulley, the horizontal axis drive the eccentric shaft bush to rotate through gear transmission. The eccentric shaft drives the main shaft to make the movable cone plate swing at a regulated track from time to time, the materials are crushed due to constant pressed and crooked in the crushing cavity. The finished products are discharged from the discharging opening.
Coal Mill for sale
coal mill design
Coal mill also called coal pulverzier or coal powder mill is that grinding mill used in coal mining industry and thermal power plant, such as vertical coal mill. And in general, vertical mill includes mineral series and coal series. The first series grinder can be widely used in cement making, power, metallurgy, chemical, ore industries.And the vertical coal mill also called coal grinder is the most used machine for coal grinding according to our mining experience. In some cases, coal mill is not just one grinder mill, it will include some optional equipment such as vibrating feeder, vibrating screen, belt conveyors and so on to finish the coal milling process. So, coal mill is also used widely in many industries besides coal mining.
coal mill operation
Coal mill is an efficient tool for grinding coals into fine powder in coal mining industry. According to its fineness and working principles, we divide coal mill into coarse power coal mill and fine coal mill. Coarse powder mill is a kind of new high-tech milling machine to meet the requirements of coarse powder processing customers. It is the ideal equipment to replace Raymond mill, ball mill, and other traditional mill which only process fine coal powder materials.Ball grinding mill is the early coal mill used in coal powder plant, there are two types: wet ball mill and dry ball mill. Vertical mill is the most common coal grinding mill in milling plant, so vertical mill is also called vertical coal mill, it set up the coal mill standard. Raymond mill is also the early coal mill; the capacity of this coal mill can be up to 6-8 t/h. The fines of the finished product can be adjusted from 100 meshes to 325 meshes according to the requirements.
SBM is a professional coal mill manufacturer in China, and supply coal crushers and coal mills for sale with best price all over the world. We also can design coal milling solution according to the special requirements of our customers.
Coal mill working principle
Raw coal is fed through a central coal inlet at the top of the coal mill and falls by gravity to the rotating grinding table, mixing with classifier rejects returned for re-grinding. Centrifugal action forces the coal outward to the grinding ring where it is pulverized between the ring and three grinding rollers. Grinding load, transmitted from the tension rods through the loading frame to the roller assemblies, holds the rollers in contact with the grinding ring. The rollers adjust vertically as the depth of the coal load increases or decreases.A nozzle ring on the outside perimeter of the grinding ring feeds primary air to the coal mill. Pyrites and tramp metal fall through the nozzle ring openings to be scraped into a rejects hopper. A stream of low-velocity air carries the particles of pulverized coal upward where they enter the classifier inlet vanes. Fine particles travel to the burners in the primary air stream, but the larger, heavier particles are returned to the grinding zone for further pulverization.
Table and roller coal mills
In coal fired power plant, coal mill is used to grind, pulverize and dry coal before the coal is transmitted the boiler. The coal is feed into the coal mill via a inlet pipe so that the roller coal mill such as Raymond mill and vertical mill can pulverize the coal into particles.The hot air in the coal mill will lift the coal particles out of the Raymond mill or vertical mill and into the boiler, if the coal particles are too heavy they will drop to the bottom of the coal mill too and will be grind, pulverize again.
The coal flow into the boiler is an important factor for a coal fired power plant. But in fact, it is not easy to measure the coal flow from the coal mill to the furnace. The coal flow out of the coal mill is often estimated based on the incoming coal flow.
our best coal mill design possible suitable for you!
Coal Crusher
coal crusher design
Coal crusher is a type crusher of ore crushing equipments used for crushing coal. Coal crusher is acknowledged well in coal processing industry for a long time. It is used widely in coal mining and coal processing because of its advantages. SBM is a major coal crusher manufacturer and supplier for power plants, coke ovens or other related coal crushing company. As the largest exporter in the design and manufacture of coal crushers and spare parts, SBM coal crushers are used in a wide variety of material reduction and processing applications in 100 countries around the world.
coal crusher machine
Coal jaw crusher is the most common crusher equipment in coal crusher plant and used as primary coal crusher. It can crush big coal into small pieces.Impact crusher is another common crusher that is used in coal crushing process. It is mainly used in primary or secondary crushing process. Cone crusher is used as fine coal crusher machine, and used in secondary or tertiary crushing process.
Hammer crusher is a coal crusher machine with small capacity. Usually it is used before coal mill to grind coal into powder. These coal crushers have their own benefits. How to choose which type of coal crusher is used in coal crushing depends on your requirements, such as crushing capacity, the finished size, etc.
coal crusher plant
In the coal crushing plant, coal crusher can resize the coal stone so that it can be easily handled and processed. SBM coal crusher is acknowledged in its field since long time and gives smooth running resulting power economy and higher efficiency.For the Mosh hardness of coal is usually under 5, the miners can use jaw crusher, JC jaw crusher, hammer crusher, impact crusher, and hydraulic impact crusher etc. to handle it. After the coal has been crushed by coal crusher, we need vibrating screen to grade the coal by size and then transport the coal via belt conveyor. In this process, dewatering screen is optional to remove water from the product. More about working details about coal crushing plant.
In fact, we rarely use only one crusher in coal crushing process. Usually we compose these coal crushers into a complete coal crusher plant. A complete coal crusher plant includes crushing and screening machines. The stationary coal crusher plant contains jaw crusher as the primary crusher, impact crusher or cone crusher as the fine coal crusher.
Raw coal is transported between these coal crushers through belt conveyor. The finished crushing coal materials are screened out by vibrating screen. The eligible coal materials enter into further process, while unqualified pieces return to the coal crusher for crushing again. In this coal crushing process, coal can be crushed into 30-50 mm.
the page will tell you coal crusher design,coal crusher machine and so on.
Raymond Mill
raymond mill parts
As a major grinding manufacturer, China SBM Company has developed this new kind of suspension grinder with strong pressure on the basis of international advanced technology. And the Raymond Mill also has some relative names, such as new energy-saving Raymond Mill, pendulum Raymond Mill equipment, super thin suspension grinder, etc. And this kind of Raymond Mill can be applied to the powder manufacturing with high-pressure and closed circuit in the field of small mines, chemicals, building materials, metallurgy, etc.Raymond Mill Application
Raymond Mill is suitable for producing minerals powder, which is widely used in the fields of metallurgy, building materials, chemical, and mining industry. It can be used to grinding the minerals and material that Moh’s hardness degree is below 7, and humidity is in 6% non-flammable explosive minerals. The final product size is adjustable as required in the range of 100-325 meshes (0.125mm-0.044mm).Raymond Mill Working Principle
The working process of the Raymond mill is that the transmission device brings along the central axis to drive. The upper part of the axis connects with the Quincunx Rack, on the frame is loaded with the rollers, and forms a swinging pivot. It does revolve around the central rotation, at the same time it revolves around the grinding rings, and itself also rotates on account of the grinding effect. In the process of rotating of the shovel and the roller, the material will be fed into the rings and the rollers, a material layer is formed ,which is functioned by the rollers to revolve, produces the inside and outside centrifugal force (compression force) to grind the material, thus get the powder. The separator will separate the powder. The rotational speed of vane can be adjusted according to the final powder size. If users want to get finer powder, they can accelerate the vane, increase contact of the vane and the powder, therefore the unqualified powder will be thrown to the outer wall, separated from the air current. After the air current and the fine powder are separated, the powder is collected.Raymond Mill Main Structures
The main structure of Raymond Mill are including the main machine body, analyzer, wind machine ,final products classifier ,fine powder classifier and the wind pipes. And the main unit of the Raymond Mill is including the frame, inlet shell, shovel, roller, grinding ring, and the cover.used raymond mill maintenance
1. The technical advantages of the Raymond Mill: developed by China Mining equipment Co., Ltd., the Raymond Mill with large, middle, small type energy-saving have adopted the modern design manners and taken the advanced crushing theory as the guidance. And the design of grinding roller is installed on the both end of the star rack central axis, which can make the grinding roller situated in a natural and balanced condition. And the main unit has been proceeding the well function with small vibration.2. The occupation area grinding roller have covered in the cavity of the main unit is small so that the working space will become larger .And then the high-pressure wind of the blower will reach larger working area so that the fine powder have more chances to get out of the main unit and enter the cyclone collector, which can avoid the repeated grinding of the super-thin powder with no efficiency. And that’s the reason that the output of the new type Raymond Mill with energy-saving is higher than the traditional Raymond Mill with three grinding rollers.
3. The new type Raymond Mill with energy-saving only has two grinding roller with lower working load ,which can save the energy by 25% and improve the output by 20% than the traditional Raymond Mill with three grinding rollers. And the new type Raymond Mill with energy-saving adopt advanced technology and also have created the considerable economic benefits for more than eight hundred of clients.
raymond mill parts,used raymond mill maintenance,operation,repair for sale can help you
The application of special flotation
(A) the wastewater ion flotation of copper smelting
For ion flotation with amyl xanthate, the xanthate dosage of Cu2 +, Pb2 + of other equivalent, Cd2 + equivalence ratio of 1.5 to 2.0. Availability of Cd2 + ≤ 0.05 mg l -1 of treated water.
Ion flotation using xanthate worried about dealing with the water remaining xanthate is affected by high treated water quality. Using the above procedures dealing with water up to 20 mg l -1 COD, meet emissions requirements, but the treated water slightly yellow, when mixed with other drainage, the treatment by co-precipitation and the role of clear and transparent so that the final treated water.
(B) IPU flotation
IPU coal washing equipment is the so-called ion flotation flotation - sedimentation flotation - Flotation-fine short (Ton floration Precipitate floration-Uitra fine Particlotation).
For example, lead and zinc processing plant in the zinc concentrate thickener overflow copper, zinc, cyanide, cadmium, xanthate and frother, available Figure 18 flow processing.
(C) the adsorption of low concentrations of radioactive waste water flotation
Nuclear fuel reprocessing process, the emitted low concentrations of radioactive waste, contain uranium fission products, which have a longer half-life of strontium, cesium, cerium, ruthenium, zirconium five.
They can be with the selective adsorption of flotation separation. Adsorption flotation process shown in Figure 19.
It can be seen from the figure, the first phase is Fe (OH) 3 for the adsorption carrier, sodium oleate as collector, pH 6.0 to 8.0 under the conditions of flotation. Surfaced 144Ce, 106Ru, y5Zr; second phase is for the adsorption of calcium phosphate carrier, sodium naphthenate collector at pH 10.5 to 11.0 under the conditions of floating 90Sr; third phase is cobalt iron cyanide adsorption carrier, octadecane amine acetate as collector, at pH 7.0 to 9.0 under the conditions of floating 37Cs.
vibrating feeders Removal of radioactive substances have a high rate, and conventional coagulation and sedimentation method and compared residue is greatly reduced.
For ion flotation with amyl xanthate, the xanthate dosage of Cu2 +, Pb2 + of other equivalent, Cd2 + equivalence ratio of 1.5 to 2.0. Availability of Cd2 + ≤ 0.05 mg l -1 of treated water.
Ion flotation using xanthate worried about dealing with the water remaining xanthate is affected by high treated water quality. Using the above procedures dealing with water up to 20 mg l -1 COD, meet emissions requirements, but the treated water slightly yellow, when mixed with other drainage, the treatment by co-precipitation and the role of clear and transparent so that the final treated water.
(B) IPU flotation
IPU coal washing equipment is the so-called ion flotation flotation - sedimentation flotation - Flotation-fine short (Ton floration Precipitate floration-Uitra fine Particlotation).
For example, lead and zinc processing plant in the zinc concentrate thickener overflow copper, zinc, cyanide, cadmium, xanthate and frother, available Figure 18 flow processing.
(C) the adsorption of low concentrations of radioactive waste water flotation
Nuclear fuel reprocessing process, the emitted low concentrations of radioactive waste, contain uranium fission products, which have a longer half-life of strontium, cesium, cerium, ruthenium, zirconium five.
They can be with the selective adsorption of flotation separation. Adsorption flotation process shown in Figure 19.
It can be seen from the figure, the first phase is Fe (OH) 3 for the adsorption carrier, sodium oleate as collector, pH 6.0 to 8.0 under the conditions of flotation. Surfaced 144Ce, 106Ru, y5Zr; second phase is for the adsorption of calcium phosphate carrier, sodium naphthenate collector at pH 10.5 to 11.0 under the conditions of floating 90Sr; third phase is cobalt iron cyanide adsorption carrier, octadecane amine acetate as collector, at pH 7.0 to 9.0 under the conditions of floating 37Cs.
vibrating feeders Removal of radioactive substances have a high rate, and conventional coagulation and sedimentation method and compared residue is greatly reduced.
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